Integrated videoconferencing system

ABSTRACT

In some embodiments, the components of a videoconferencing system may be incorporated in a unitary housing. For example, an integrated videoconferencing system may include microphones to capture participant audio and a camera to capture participant video (along with corresponding audio processing capabilities) in a unitary housing. The unitary housing may also include speakers to produce audio from conference participants and a display to provide video of conference participants. The integrated videoconferencing system may include a codec for encoding and/or decoding). The integrated videoconferencing system may also perform other conference related functions. The integrated videoconferencing system may be used as a speakerphone (e.g., in audio only calls) and/or a videoconference system. The integrated videoconferencing system may also fold into a compact form for portability.

PRIORITY

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationSer. No. 60/676,918 titled “Audio and Videoconferencing”, which wasfiled May 2, 2005, whose inventors are Michael L. Kenoyer, Wayne Mock,and Patrick D. Vanderwilt which is hereby incorporated by reference inits entirety as though fully and completely set forth herein.

This application further claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 60/761,869 titled “Integrated Video ConferencingSystem”, which was filed Jan. 24, 2006, whose inventors are Michael L.Kenoyer which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety asthough fully and completely set forth herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to conferencing and, morespecifically, to videoconferencing.

2. Description of the Related Art

Videoconferencing may be used to allow two or more participants atremote locations to communicate using both video and audio. Eachparticipant location may include a videoconferencing system forvideo/audio communication with other participants. Eachvideoconferencing system may include a camera and microphone to collectvideo and audio from a first or local participant to send to another(remote) participant. Each videoconferencing system may also include adisplay and speaker to reproduce video and audio received from a remoteparticipant. Each videoconferencing system may also be coupled to acomputer system to allow additional functionality into thevideoconference. For example, additional functionality may include dataconferencing (including displaying and/or modifying a document for bothparticipants during the conference).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In various embodiments, a multi-component videoconferencing system(MCVCS) may be used as a videoconferencing endpoint. The MCVCS mayinclude a camera, microphones, speakers, and a codec possibly used inconjunction with a computer system. The camera and speakers may becoupled to or placed around a display. The display may be a computersystem display and, along with displaying video for the videoconference,may also be used to display output from the computer system. The MCVCSmay send/receive signals through a network coupled to the computersystem or to one of the MCVCS components. The various functions tosupport the videoconference (e.g., compression and decompression ofvideo signals) may be performed by circuitry in the camera base, codecbox, and/or the computer system. In some embodiments, the codecfunctionality may be incorporated in the camera base and the MCVCSsystem may not have a separate codec box. In some embodiments, the MCVCSmay be portable.

In some embodiments, the codec functionality may be incorporated in aset-top box (e.g., a cable box, satellite box, or gaming module). Acamera may be included on top of a display coupled to the set-top box orplaced on the set-top box. The codec's audio and video processing may beincorporated in the set-top box and/or may be distributed (e.g., toother devices through a cable coupling the devices to the set-top box).The set-top box may be coupled to the different components of thevideoconferencing system including the camera, speakers, microphones,and display.

In some embodiments, the computer system may be a laptop computer. Thevideoconferencing components may be coupled to the laptop. The laptopdisplay and/or speakers may be used in presenting the videoconference.The MCVCS components for use with a laptop may be smaller than thecomponents used with other computer systems. The components coupled tothe laptop computer may be placed around the laptop computer.

In some embodiments, the components of the MCVCS may be incorporatedinto a unitary housing. For example, an integrated videoconferencingsystem may include microphones to capture participant audio and a camerato capture participant video (along with corresponding audio processingcapabilities) in a unitary housing. The unitary housing may also includespeakers to produce audio from conference participants and a display toprovide video of conference participants. The integratedvideoconferencing system may include a codec for encoding and/ordecoding). The integrated videoconferencing system may also performother conference related functions. The integrated videoconferencingsystem may be used as a speakerphone (e.g., in audio only calls) and/ora videoconference system. The integrated videoconferencing system mayalso fold into a compact form for portability.

In some embodiments, ported speakers may be used to maximize soundquality for the provided speaker size. In some embodiments, phase plugsmay also be used to improve sound dispersion from the speakers.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A better understanding of the present invention may be obtained when thefollowing detailed description is considered in conjunction with thefollowing drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates a videoconferencing system, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 2 illustrates a videoconferencing system participant location,according to an embodiment;

FIG. 3 illustrates a participant location with an MCVCS, according to anembodiment;

FIGS. 4 a-f illustrates speaker attachments, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 5 illustrates a side view of the codec, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 6 illustrates an MCVCS without a separate codec unit, according toan embodiment;

FIGS. 7 a-b illustrate a MCVCS with codec functionality incorporated ina set-top box, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 8 illustrates the MCVCS for a laptop computer, according to anembodiment;

FIG. 9 illustrates a participant location with an integratedvideoconferencing system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 10 illustrates an isometric view of the integratedvideoconferencing system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 11 illustrates a front view of the integrated videoconferencingsystem, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 12 illustrates a top view of the integrated videoconferencingsystem, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 13 illustrates a right side view of the integratedvideoconferencing system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 14 illustrates an exploded view of the folding mechanism of theintegrated videoconferencing system, according to an embodiment;

FIGS. 15 a-c illustrates a folding sequence of the integratedvideoconferencing system, according to an embodiment;

FIG. 16 illustrates a method for folding the integratedvideoconferencing system, according to an embodiment;

FIGS. 17 a-d illustrate the speaker casing and diaphragm, according toembodiments;

FIGS. 18 a-b illustrates a phase plug for the speaker, according to anembodiment;

FIGS. 19 a-b illustrate a document camera and display screen, accordingto an embodiment;

FIGS. 20 a-b illustrate a document camera and projector, according to anembodiment;

FIGS. 21 a-b illustrate a document camera with a touchscreen display,according to an embodiment; and

FIG. 22 illustrates a method of videoconferencing through the MCVCS,according to an embodiment.

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way ofexample in the drawings and will herein be described in detail. Itshould be understood, however, that the drawings and detaileddescription thereto are not intended to limit the invention to theparticular form disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is tocover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling withinthe spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appendedclaims. Note, the headings are for organizational purposes only and arenot meant to be used to limit or interpret the description or claims.Furthermore, note that the word “may” is used throughout thisapplication in a permissive sense (i.e., having the potential to, beingable to), not a mandatory sense (i.e., must). The term “include”, andderivations thereof, mean “including, but not limited to”. The term“coupled” means “directly or indirectly connected”.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

U.S. patent application titled “Speakerphone”, Ser. No. 11/251,084,which was filed Oct. 14, 2005, whose inventor is William V. Oxford ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as though fully andcompletely set forth herein.

U.S. patent application titled “Video Conferencing System Transcoder”,Ser. No. 11/252,238, which was filed Oct. 17, 2005, whose inventors areMichael L. Kenoyer and Michael V. Jenkins, is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety as though fully and completely set forthherein.

U.S. patent application titled “Speakerphone. Supporting Video and AudioFeatures”, Ser. No. 11/251,086, which was filed Oct. 14, 2005, whoseinventors are Michael L. Kenoyer, Craig B. Malloy and Wayne E. Mock ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as though filly andcompletely set forth herein.

U.S. patent application titled “High Definition Camera Pan TiltMechanism”, Ser. No. 11/251,083, which was filed Oct. 14, 2005, whoseinventors are Michael L. Kenoyer, William V. Oxford, Patrick D.Vanderwilt, Hans-Christoph Haenlein, Branko Lukic and Jonathan I.Kaplan, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as thoughfully and completely set forth herein.

FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment of a videoconferencing system 100.Videoconferencing system 100 comprises a plurality of participantlocations or endpoints. FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of avideoconferencing system 100 which may include a network 101, endpoints103A-103H (e.g., audio and/or videoconferencing systems), gateways130A-130B, a service provider 108 (e.g., a multipoint control unit(MCU)), a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 120, conference units105A-105D, and plain old telephone system (POTS) telephones 106A-106B.Endpoints 103C and 103D-103H may be coupled to network 101 via gateways130A and 130B, respectively, and gateways 130A and 130B may each includefirewall, network address translation (NAT), packet filter, and/or proxymechanisms, among others. Conference units 105A-105B and POTS telephones106A-106B may be coupled to network 101 via PSTN 120. In someembodiments, conference units 105A-105B may each be coupled to PSTN 120via an Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) connection, and eachmay include and/or implement H.320 capabilities. In various embodiments,video and audio conferencing may be implemented over various types ofnetworked devices.

In some embodiments, endpoints 103A-103H, gateways 130A-130B, conferenceunits 105C-105D, and service provider 108 may each include variouswireless or wired communication devices that implement various types ofcommunication, such as wired Ethernet, wireless Ethernet (e.g., IEEE802.11), EEEE 802.16, paging logic, RF (radio frequency) communicationlogic, a modem, a digital subscriber line (DSL) device, a cable(television) modem, an ISDN device, an ATM (asynchronous transfer mode)device, a satellite transceiver device, a parallel or serial port businterface, and/or other type of communication device or method.

In various embodiments, the methods and/or systems described may be usedto implement connectivity between or among two or more participantlocations or endpoints, each having voice and/or video devices (e.g.,endpoints 103A-103H, conference units 105A-105D, POTS telephones106A-106B, etc.) that communicate through various networks (e.g.,network 101, PSTN 120, the Internet, etc.).

In some embodiments, endpoints 103A-103C may include voice conferencingcapabilities and include or be coupled to various audio devices (e.g.,microphones, audio input devices, speakers, audio output devices,telephones, speaker telephones, etc.). Endpoints 103D-103H may includevoice and video communications capabilities (e.g., videoconferencingcapabilities) and include or be coupled to various audio devices (e.g.,microphones, audio input devices, speakers, audio output devices,telephones, speaker telephones, etc.) and include or be coupled tovarious video devices (e.g., monitors, projectors, displays,televisions, video output devices, video input devices, cameras, etc.).In some embodiments, endpoints 103A-103H may comprise various ports forcoupling to one or more devices (e.g., audio devices, video devices,etc.) and/or to one or more networks.

In some embodiments, conference units 105A-105D may include voice and/orvideoconferencing capabilities and include or be coupled to variousaudio devices (e.g., microphones, audio input devices, speakers, audiooutput devices, telephones, speaker telephones, etc.) and/or include orbe coupled to various video devices (e.g., monitors, projectors,displays, televisions, video output devices, video input devices,cameras, etc.). In some embodiments, endpoints 103A-103H and/orconference units 105A-105D may include and/or implement various networkmedia communication capabilities. For example, endpoints 103A-103Hand/or conference units 105C-105D may each include and/or implement oneor more real time protocols, e.g., session initiation protocol (SIP),H.261, H.263, H.264, H.323, among others. In an embodiment, endpoints103A-103H may implement H.264 encoding for high definition (HD) videostreams.

In various embodiments, a codec may implement a real time transmissionprotocol. In some embodiments, a codec (which may mean short for“compressor/decompressor”) may comprise any system and/or method forencoding and/or decoding (e.g., compressing and decompressing) data(e.g., audio and/or video data). For example, communication applicationsmay use codecs to convert an analog signal to a digital signal fortransmitting over various digital networks (e.g., network 101, PSTN 120,the Internet, etc.) and to convert a received digital signal to ananalog signal. In various embodiments, codecs may be implemented insoftware, hardware, or a combination of both. Some codecs for computervideo and/or audio may include MPEG, Indeo™, and Cinepak™, among others.

In some embodiments, a videoconferencing system may be designed tooperate with network infrastructures that support T1 capabilities orless, e.g., 1.5 mega-bits per second or less in one embodiment, and 2mega-bits per second in other embodiments. The videoconferencing systemmay support HD capabilities. The term “high resolution” includesdisplays with resolution of 1280×720 pixels and higher. In oneembodiment, high-definition resolution may comprise 1280×720 progressivescans at 60 frames per second, or 1920×1080 interlaced or 1920×1080progressive. Thus, an embodiment of the present invention may comprise avideoconferencing system with HD “e.g. similar to HDTV” displaycapabilities using network infrastructures with bandwidths T1 capabilityor less. The term “high-definition” is intended to have the full breathof its ordinary meaning and includes “high resolution”.

FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a participant location, alsoreferred to as an endpoint or conferencing unit (e.g., avideoconferencing system). The videoconference system may have a systemcodec 209 to manage both a speakerphone 205/207 and a videoconferencingsystem 203. The speakerphones 205/207 and other videoconferencing systemcomponents may be coupled to the codec 209 and may receive audio and/orvideo signals from the system codec 209.

In some embodiments, the participant location may include a camera 204(e.g., an HD camera) for acquiring images (e.g., of participant 214) ofthe participant location. Other cameras are also contemplated. Theparticipant location may also include a display 201 (e.g., an HDTVdisplay). Images acquired by the camera 204 may be displayed locally onthe display 201 and may also be encoded and transmitted to otherparticipant locations in the videoconference.

The participant location may also include a sound system 261. The soundsystem 261 may include multiple speakers including left speakers 271,center speaker 273, and right speakers 275. Other numbers of speakersand other speaker configurations may also be used. The videoconferencingsystem 203 may also use one or more speakerphones 205/207 which may bedaisy chained together.

In some embodiments, the videoconferencing system components (e.g., thecamera 204, display 201, sound system 261, and speakerphones 205/207)may be coupled to a system codec 209. The system codec 209 may be placedon a desk or on a floor. Other placements are also contemplated. Thesystem codec 209 may receive audio and/or video data from a network. Thesystem codec 209 may send the audio to the speakerphone 205/207 and/orsound system 261 and the video to the display 201. The received videomay be HD video that is displayed on the HD display. The system codec209 may also receive video data from the camera 204 and audio data fromthe speakerphones 205/207 and transmit the video and/or audio data overthe network to another conferencing system. The conferencing system maybe controlled by a participant through the user input components (e.g.,buttons) on the speakerphones 205/207 and/or remote control 250. Othersystem interfaces may also be used.

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a participant location with a MCVCS300. In some embodiments, a participant 301 may use an MCVCS 300 tocommunicate with other participants in the audio and/or videoconference.The MCVCS 300 may include microphones 319 to capture participant audioand a camera 303 to capture participant video. The MCVCS 300 may alsoinclude speakers 311 a-b to produce audio from remote conferenceparticipants and a display 305 to provide video from local and remoteconference participants. In some embodiments, the MCVCS may be portable.

In some embodiments, the MCVCS 300 may include an encoder/decoderfunctionality (e.g., external codec 309 with processing chips forencoding and/or decoding). The MCVCS 300 may also include communicationfunctionality for conducting a videoconference (e.g., communicationprocessors) over a network. The MCVCS 300 may be based on the H.264standard and provide H.263 support for interoperability. Other standards(e.g., H.323 and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)) may also be usedand/or supported by the MCVCS 300.

The camera 303 may be a fixed zoom/fixed focal length lens portion 375or may use an adjustable lens portion 375. The lens 375 may be awide-angle lens (e.g., with approximately a 70 degree field of view).Other fields of view are also contemplated. In some embodiments, thecamera 303 may be an HD camera. The camera 307 may be a standarddefinition (SD) camera. The camera 303 may capture video with resolutionfor a nominal visual acuity length approximately equal to the distanceof a participant's eyes from the display 305 when viewing thevideoconference (e.g., approximately 3.3 feet). At the nominal visualacuity length, the display 305 matches the visual acuity of the humaneye. The camera 303 may be tilted downward for optimal viewing of theparticipant 101. The camera 303 may adaptively pan/tilt/zoom or thecamera 303 may be fixed and the MCVCS 300 may use electronicpan/tilt/zoom. The camera 303 may provide an HD output to the codec 309as well as other video receiving devices (e.g., another attacheddisplay). The camera 303 may be placed on top of a display 305 used inthe conference. The camera 303 may be placed on top of the display 305using a camera support mechanism. The camera 303 may also be placed atother locations (e.g., in the ceiling). The camera 303 may be movedusing motors in the base of the camera 303. External commands receivedby the camera 303 may be used to control the camera 303 from anotherdevice communicatively coupled to the camera 303 (e.g., commandsprocessed in the codec 309 received from a remote control 361).

In some embodiments, the MCVCS 300 may include one or more microphones319 (e.g., in one or more microphone arrays). For example, the camerabase 363 may include an array of five microphones 319 in a broadsideconfiguration. Additional microphones may also be used (e.g., oneadditional microphone behind (or in front of) one or more of the fivemicrophones 319 to form one or more endfire microphone arrays).Additional microphones may be used for longer endfire arrays.Microphones may also be located in other devices (e.g., attached to thedisplay 305 or the codec 309) or may be in independent housings. Themicrophone arrays may be located in the camera 303. The microphones maybe omni-directional microphones or cardioid microphones. Othermicrophone types are also contemplated. Audio signals from themicrophones 319 may be received by the codec 309 for audio processing.Other components in the conference may also perform the audioprocessing.

In some embodiments, the broadside and/or endfire microphone arrayresponses may be beamformed to enhance the quality of the audioreproduced from one or more participants (e.g., by steering a virtualbeam toward the participant). The microphone array responses may also beused to determine a speaking participant's location and/or directionrelative to the MCVCS 300. The location and/or direction information maybe sent with the audio signal to a remote conferencing system forplacement of the audio in speakers at the remote site relative to thelocation and/or direction information. For example, audio fromparticipants speaking on the left side of the camera 303 may be placednearest the participant's displayed image (e.g., the right side displayspeaker) on the remote side. The MCVCS 300 may support super wide bandaudio (e.g., 22 kHz responses). Other audio responses/frequencies arealso contemplated (e.g., in excess of 22 kHz).

In some embodiments, the display 305 may be an HD display 305 (e.g.,with a 1280 by 800 resolution or 1024 by 640 resolution). Otherresolutions are also contemplated (e.g., 1680 by 1050 resolution). Thedisplay 305 may be a liquid crystal display (LCD). Other display typesmay also be used (e.g., a cathode ray tube (CRT) display or a plasmadisplay panel (PDP)). The display 305 may have approximately a 20-inchdiagonal and a 16:9 aspect ratio. Other diagonals and ratios are alsocontemplated. For example, the display 305 may have a 17-inch diagonalscreen. The display 305 may be a user's computer system display or thedisplay 305 may be dedicated to the MCVCS 300. The display 305 may becoupled to the computer system 355 or the codec 309 (e.g., through adigital visual interface (DVI), universal serial bus (USB), or videographics array (VGA) connection). Other connection types are alsocontemplated. The MCVCS 300 may support National Television SystemCommittee (NTSC), Phase Alternation Line (PAL), 720p encode, and/or 4:3standard definition (SD) along with other standards. The MCVCS 300 mayperform auto white balance and/or auto back light compensation to thevideo to be displayed and/or sent.

In some embodiments, the MCVCS 300 may include one or more speakers 311a-b (e.g., ported speakers 311). The speakers 311 may use a titaniumcone with a large travel in a tuned sealed enclosure. The speakers 311may have a large enclosure to maximize air volume and support lowerfrequencies. Other speaker configurations are also contemplated. Thespeakers 311 may therefore support lower frequency responses withoutusing a subwoofer (because of the size of the enclosure). Other speakersand speaker types are also contemplated. At least two speakers 311 maybe used to provide a stereo effect. At least two speakers 311 may beused to position (e.g., “place”) audio in the room (e.g., a higheramplitude signal may be placed through the left speaker 311 a for aspeaking participant displayed on a left side of the display 305). TheMCVCS 300 may also include a speakerphone functionality to support theaudio for audio and/or video calls. The MCVCS 300 may also perform as aspeakerphone (e.g., without transmitting or receiving video).

The MCVCS 300 may support various audio standards (e.g., G.711, G.722,G.722.1, G.723, G.729, and MPEG-4 AAC). The MCVCS audio may be compactdisc (CD) quality and full duplex. The MCVCS 300 may perform echocancellation, automatic gain control, and automatic noise reduction. TheMCVCS 300 may include an audio mixer for summing the audio of variousconference participants. The MCVCS 300 may include audio over ISDN.

In some embodiments, the MCVCS 300 may include a codec 309 (e.g., forcompression/decompression of video signals). The codec 309 may alsoinclude an audio codec and echo cancellors. Other videoconferencefunctionality may also be encompassed in the codec 309. The codec 309may receive local signals from the camera 303 and microphones 319 fortransmission to a remote conference site. The codec 309 may compresssignals for transmission and decompress received signals fordistribution to the display 305 and/or speakers 311. The codec mayimplement a transcoder as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.11/252,238, entitled “Video Conferencing System Transcoder” filed Oct.17, 2005, whose inventors are Michael L. Kenoyer and Michael V. Jenkinswhich is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety as thoughfully and completely set forth herein.

In some embodiments, signals may be sent/received through a networkconnection 351. For example, the network connection 351 may be from anIP link 371 coupled to the computer system 355 from an external network(other types of links are also contemplated). The codec 309 may also becoupled directly to the network. If the codec 309 is coupled to thecomputer system 355, the computer system's video output may also be sentto the display 305 through the codec 309. The codec 309 may display atleast part of the computer system displayed output and at least part ofa videoconference on the display 305. In some embodiments, the codec 309may support data conferencing using the computer system 355. Forexample, documents and/or applications on the computer system 355 may beshared with remote conference sites/remote computer systems.

In some embodiments, the codec 309 may also display videoconferenceoptions (e.g., through a graphical user interface (GUI) on screen). Insome embodiments, personal computer components may be used in additionto or in place of MCVCS 300 components such as the microphones 319 andspeakers 311. The MCVCS 300 may support several videoconferencingdisplay types including single presence and continuous presence (e.g.,may display a 4-way multipoint call). In some embodiments,picture-in-picture and selectable camera icons/preview may also be usedon the display 305.

In some embodiments, the MCVCS 300 may use a keyboard 307 to dialparticipants (including an Add Video button to add video participants),control various features of the MCVCS 300, and/or control other aspectsof the videoconference. The MCVCS 300 may include a wireless remote 361(e.g., to perform similar functions as the keyboard 307.) The camerabase 361 and/or codec 309 may have a wireless remote sensor 365 (e.g.,an infrared sensor).

FIGS. 4 a-c illustrate an embodiment of speaker attachments for speakers311 in the MCVCS 300. The speaker attachments 371 a-b may includeVelcro™ counterparts 401 a-d. Attachments 371 a-b may be correspondingVelcro™ straps. Other attachments are also contemplated. For example,glue 403 may be used to attach the attachments 371 a-b to thedisplay/speakers. The speakers 311 may also be attached to the display305 with adhesive 493 a-b along the sides of the speakers 311. Thespeakers 311 may be attached to the display 305 using elastic sleeves497 a-b attached to the speaker 311 that hugs the sides of the display305 (other attachments may be used to avoid applying adhesive ormodifying the display 305).

FIG. 5 illustrates a side view of an embodiment of the codec 309. Thecodec 309 may include multiple ports. One or more of the sides of thecodec 309 (including front and back sides) may have one or more of theshown ports (as well as other ports). For example, the ports may includeports for video input (e.g., VGA-In 503 and Alternate Video-In 507). Thecodec 309 may communicate with the other components of the MCVCS 300 andthe computer system 355 through wireless connections (e.g., infrared orradio frequencies) in addition to or in place of the ports.

In some embodiments, the video input ports may be used for receiving adisplay signal from the computer system 355 or other network source. Thecodec 309 may be a pass through for a computer system video signalduring non-videoconference times and/or may display at least part of thecomputer system video output along with the videoconference videooutput. The codec 309 may also place an interface on part of thecomputer system display output. The computer system 355 may be coupleddirectly to the display 305 and may receive a video signal to displayfrom the codec 309.

In some embodiments, ports may also be included for video output (e.g.,VGA-Out 505 and Alternate Video-Out 509). These ports may be used tooutput the video signal from the codec 309 to the display 305. Anotherport(s) may be included to receive/transmit network signals (e.g., anEthernet port such as Internet Protocol (IP) port 501). Additional ports(e.g., camera in 511, microphone-in 513, speaker-out 517, etc.) may alsobe used to receive/send signals to/from various equipment coupled to thecodec 309. The camera and microphone array signals may be sent to thecodec 309 through one connection (e.g., alternate input 315).

Other ports such as a power supply port 519 and a headset jack port 521may also be used. The codec 309 may be powered through the power supplyport 519 (e.g., with alternating current (AC) power). The codec 309 maybe powered over an Ethernet connection (e.g., Power over Ethernet(POE)). In some embodiments, an RS-232 control port may be used. TheMCVCS 300 may support plug and play devices. The MCVCS 300 may alsosupport RJ-45 Network Local Area Network (LAN) connections, RJ-11connections, and RJ-1 connections. In some embodiments, inputs includingHD Camera input, S-Video input, Radio Corporation of America (RCA)(L+C+R analog) input, RCA output, VGA input, a composite input, andstereo mini-jack input may also be supported. These and otherinputs/outputs (e.g., an external mic jack input) may be provided on thecodec 309.

In some embodiments, the MCVCS 300 may support dual streams for sharingPC content during a videoconference (e.g., standards based (H.239) dualstreaming for real-time collaboration in HD). Media shared through theMCVCS 300 may include documents, presentations, and PC screens. Othermedia may also be shared. The MCVCS 300 may support IP to integratedservices digital network (ISDN) connectivity. The MCVCS 300 may havedual card bus slots (e.g., on the codec 309) for expansion.

In some embodiments, the MCVCS 300 may include an integrated directory.For example, the directory may be H.350 compliant. The directory mayinclude a hierarchal address book. The MCVCS 300 may use simple networkmanagement protocol (SNMP) (including SNMP security alerts). The MCVCS300 may use a flash based web management tool. The MCVCS 300 may allowfor the use of passwords and allow a user to disable IP services, Web,Telnet, and/or File Transfer Protocol (FTP) communications. The MCVCS300 may use automatic H.323 dialing, automatic H.320 dialing, autonumber configuration, auto gatekeeper discovery, and packet lossrecovery. The MCVCS 300 may support automatic software upgrades,scheduling, reporting, and multipoint management.

FIG. 6 illustrates an embodiment of a MCVCS 300 without an externalcodec unit. The codec functionality (along with other functionality ofthe MCVCS 300) may be included in the camera base 601 and/or computersystem 355. The camera base 601 and/or computer system 355 may also havethe same ports as noted above with respect to the codec 309. The camerabase 601 may couple to the computer system 355 and the computer system355 may provide output to the display 305. The computer system 355 mayprovide its video output to the camera base 601, and the camera base 601may provide the video signal to the display 305. In some embodiments, anetwork link may be provided to the camera base 601 from the computersystem 355. In some embodiments, the network link may be routed to thecomputer system 355 through the camera base 601. In some embodiments,the camera base 601 may be connected directly to the speakers 311. Thespeakers 311 may be coupled to the computer system 355.

As seen in FIGS. 7 a-b, in some embodiments, the codec functionality maybe incorporated in a set-top box 705 (e.g., a cable box). A camera 704may be included on top of a display 701 coupled to the set-top box 705(or placed on the set-top box 705). The processing (e.g., audio andvideo processing) may be incorporated in the set-top box 705 and/or maybe distributed (e.g., to other devices through a cable coupling thedevices to the set-top box 705). The set-top box 705 may be coupled tothe different components of the MCVCS 700 including the camera 704,speakers 703, microphones, and display. Many of the components may becoupled to the camera 704 and the camera 704 may be coupled to theset-top box 705. The set-top box 705 may be a cable box in a business orprivate residence. The set-top box 705 may also be a satellite or gaminggraphics box. The set-top box/codec 705 may transmit and receivevideoconference signals over satellite. The set-top box 705 may processHD content (e.g., HD programming and/or games). The codec may also be inan independent housing that is coupled to the set-top box 705. The codecmay act as a pass-through for the regular programming/games when aconference is not being held. The codec may also display at least aportion of the programming/games along with video for thevideoconference. The user may communicate with the set-top box 705through buttons 723 on the set-top box 705 or through a remote control721. The remote control 721 may be unique to the MCVCS 700 or may be aremote control 721 used with the set-top box 705. The user may alsointeract with the MCVCS 700 through on-screen menus.

In some embodiments, the set-top box may include a digital videorecorder (DVR) functionality. The DVR may record portions or all of theconference for playback. The DVR may also be used to “pause” a livevideoconference by recording the conference during the “pause” forplayback when the conference is “resumed”. The participants may thenpick portions of the conference to fast-forward through in order to“catch up” with the conference in real time (i.e., the DVR can recordthe live portion of the conference while displaying the recorded portionsubstantially simultaneously). The participants may also view therecorded portion at a higher speed until in line with the live portion.The DVR may also be used as an answering machine. For example, when anincoming videoconference call is received, but not answered, the callersmay leave a video/audio message. A greeting (e.g., a video and/or audiogreeting) may be used when the videoconference call is answered. The DVRmay also be used to answer incoming calls and the incoming videoreviewed by a moderator to determine whether the callers should be putthrough to the conference. For example, the moderator may redirect acall received from callers seeking a different conference than theconference they attempted to dial into. The DVR may also be used toplace an intentional delay in the conference. For example, theconference may be monitored by a moderator to block any inappropriateportions from reaching the other participants. For example, if a tradesecret or other sensitive piece of information is accidentally provided,the information may be stopped (e.g., by a local participant orconference moderator) before the information is sent to the remotesites. The conference may be relayed through the DVR before it is sentto remote participants.

The set-top box 705 may include a camera port 709 (e.g., for an HDcamera). The set-top box 705 may also include video ports (e.g., S-Videoport 711), audio ports (e.g., audio ports 713 a-b), and cable port 715,among others. The set-top box 705 may also communicate with componentsin the conference through wireless communications.

FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment of the MCVCS 800 for a laptop computer821. The MCVCS 800 may include a camera 813, microphones 819, andspeakers 811 for use in a videoconference call with a laptop computer821. The MCVCS components for use with a laptop 821 may be smaller thanthe components used with other computer systems. The camera base 801and/or laptop components (e.g., processing card 815) may perform thevarious functions needed for the videoconference (e.g., compression anddecompression of the video signals, audio processing, etc.). Theprocessing card 815 may be a Personal Computer Memory Card InternationalAssociation (PCMCIA) card. Other processing cards are also contemplated.Part or all of the processing functions may be performed by circuitry(e.g., Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs)) in the camera base 801.Part or all of the processing functions may be performed on theprocessing card 815. The camera base 801 and the processing card 815 maydivide the processing functions. The camera 813 may be supported/coupledon top of the laptop 821 or may be separate from the laptop 821. Whilean adjustable pan/tilt camera 813 is shown, it is to be understood othercameras (e.g., fixed cameras) may be used. The camera 813 may besupported near the laptop 821. The speakers 811 may be coupled to thesides of the laptop 821 or may be placed on the side of laptop 811. Insome embodiments, laptop components may be used in addition to or inplace of videoconferencing components such as the microphones 819 andspeakers 811. The laptop 811 and/or MCVCS 800 may be coupled to anexternal network through IP link 871. The components of the MCVCS 800may be carried in a portable container (e.g., briefcase 893). Thecomponents may also be carried in the same case as the laptop. Similarportable containers may be used for MCVCS components that are used witha set-top box or separate codec.

In some embodiments, the codec may be installed into a projector. Auser's laptop or PC may interface with the projector. The codec may alsobe installed in a flatscreen coupled to a user's laptop or PC. In someembodiments, a camera may be placed behind and in the center of ascreen. The screen may be transparent at the location of the camera toallow the camera to capture video of the local participants. Thelocation of the camera may allow for better eye contact. In someembodiments, the camera view may be manipulated to make the user appearfurther from the screen which may be more comfortable for the remoteuser.

FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment of a participant location with anintegrated videoconferencing system/MCVCS 991. In some embodiments, thecomponents of the MCVCS 991 may be incorporated into a unitary housing993. For example, the integrated videoconferencing system 991 mayinclude microphones 1009 (e.g., see FIG. 10) to capture participantaudio and a camera 1003 to capture participant video (along withcorresponding audio processing capabilities). The integratedvideoconferencing system 991 may also include speakers (e.g., portedspeakers 1011) to produce audio from conference participants and adisplay (e.g., an HD display 1005) to provide video of conferenceparticipants. The integrated videoconferencing system 991 may include acodec for encoding and/or decoding). The integrated videoconferencingsystem 991 may also fold into a compact form for portability.

FIG. 10 illustrates an isometric view of an embodiment of the integratedvideoconferencing system 991. The integrated videoconferencing system991 may include one or more microphones 1009. For example, an array ofsix microphones 1009 a-f in the top of the display in a broadsideconfiguration may be used. Additional microphones may also be used(e.g., one additional microphone behind (or in front of) one or more ofthe six microphones) to form one or more endfire microphone arrays(e.g., see microphones 1009 g-h in FIG. 12). Additional microphones maybe used for longer endfire arrays. The broadside and/or endfire arraysmay be used to determine a speaking participant's location and/ordirection relative to the integrated videoconferencing system 991. Thelocation and/or direction information may be sent with the audio signalto a remote conferencing system for placement of the audio at the remotesite relative to the location and/or direction information. Theintegrated videoconferencing system 991 may support super wide bandaudio (e.g., 22 kHz responses). Other audio responses/frequencies arealso contemplated (e.g., in excess of 22 kHz). In some embodiments, theintegrated videoconferencing system may receive user inputs through akeypad 1007 on base 1091. For example, the user may enter a phonenumber, change the volume up/down, scroll through on-screen options, orpress a hot key tied to a videoconference functionality. Other uses ofthe keypad are also contemplated.

FIG. 11 illustrates a front view of an embodiment of the integratedvideoconferencing system 991. FIG. 12 illustrates a top view of anembodiment of the integrated videoconferencing system 991. As seen in atleast FIGS. 10-11, a unitary housing 893 of the integratedvideoconferencing system 991 may house at least a display 1005,microphone 1009, speaker 1011, and camera 1003. The integratedvideoconferencing system 991 may work as a stand-alone videoconferencingsystem or, the integrated videoconferencing system 991 may be coupled toa display, external speakers (e.g., through an external speakerphone),etc. to support a room environment. For example, the received videosignal on the integrated videoconferencing system may be provided to anexternal display and the audio to external speakers. A codec embedded inthe integrated videoconferencing system may provide theencoding/decoding functionality for the received/sent signals.

FIG. 13 illustrates a right side view of an embodiment of the integratedvideoconferencing system 991. The integrated videoconferencing system991 may include multiple ports 1301 (ports may also be included on theopposite side of the integrated videoconferencing system 991). Forexample, the ports 1301 may include a port for a video input to plug ina personal computer (PC) (e.g., a video graphics array (VGA) input)).With the video input, the display 1005 of the integratedvideoconferencing system 991 may be used as the display for the PC (inaddition to being the display for a videoconference). The display may beconnected to a PC through a direct cable connection. Other ports such asa power supply port, RS-232 control port, and a headset jack port mayalso be used. The integrated videoconferencing system 991 may supportplug and play devices. The integrated videoconferencing system 991 mayalso support RJ-45 Network Local Area Network (LAN) connections, RJ-11connections, and RJ-1 connections. In some embodiments, inputs includingHigh Definition Camera input, S-Video input, Radio Corporation ofAmerica (RCA) (L+C+R analog) input, VGA input, a composite input, andstereo mini-jack input may also be supported. These and otherinputs/outputs (e.g., an external mic jack input) may be provided on thebase. The integrated videoconferencing system 991 may support VGAoutput, RCA output, and headphone output (e.g., 3.5 mm headphones).

In some embodiments, the integrated videoconferencing system 991 mayalso support dual streams for sharing PC content during avideoconference (e.g., standards based (H.239) dual streaming forreal-time collaboration in high definition). Media shared through theintegrated videoconferencing system 991 may include documents,presentations, and PC screens. Other media may also be shared. Theintegrated videoconferencing system 991 may support Internet Protocol(IP) to integrated services digital network (ISDN) connectivity.

FIG. 14 illustrates an exploded view of an embodiment of the foldingmechanism of the integrated videoconferencing system 991. The integratedvideoconferencing system 991 may include a folding mechanism couplingthe display 1005 to the base 1091. The folding mechanism may allow forconvenient folding of the display 1005 onto the base. 1091. The foldingmechanism may include dual hinges biased by one or more springs 1403.Other hinge configurations (including other biasing mediums are alsocontemplated). In some embodiments, the hinge may not be biased. Theintegrated videoconferencing system 991 may include one or more fans1405 vented to the exterior of the integrated videoconferencing system991 for cooling the components of the integrated videoconferencingsystem 991. The integrated videoconferencing system 991 may include ahandle 1401 (e.g., embedded into the housing of the integratedvideoconferencing system 991) for carrying the integratedvideoconferencing system 991. The handle 1401 may be accessible when theintegrated videoconferencing system 991 is in an open or foldedconfiguration. The keypad 1007 may be visible when the integratedvideoconferencing system 991 is unfolded.

FIGS. 15 a-c illustrate the folding sequence of an embodiment of theintegrated videoconferencing system 991. In some embodiments, a displayportion 1501 may be tilted relative to a dual hinge portion 1503. Thebase portion 1091 may be tilted relative to the dual hinge portion 1503.Both hinges of the dual hinge portion 1503 may be folded to closeproximity to the base 1091 and display portion 1501.

FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment of a method for integratedvideoconferencing. It should be noted that in various embodiments of themethods described below, one or more of the elements described may beperformed concurrently, in a different order than shown, or may beomitted entirely. Other additional elements may also be performed asdesired.

At 1601, a display portion may be tilted relative to a dual hingeportion.

At 1603, the base portion may be tilted relative to the dual hingeportion.

At 1605, both hinges of the dual hinge portion may be folded near thebase and display portion. The base and display portions may fold into acompact form with the base and display portions approximately parallelin close proximity to each other.

FIGS. 17 a-d illustrate embodiments of the speaker casing 1701 anddiaphragm 1705. The speaker may use a long-throw transducer 1725 toachieve a large excursion. The speaker diaphragm may be a curved surface(such as a portion of a paraboloid, or, a portion of a sphere or oblatesphere, a truncated cone, etc.). The speaker 311 may be driven from itsperimeter instead of from its base. The speaker 311 may be a 2″ diameterspeaker (other speaker sizes are also contemplated). Because of thelarger excursion, the speaker 311 may achieve air displacementequivalent to much larger diameter speakers (such as speakers withdiameters in the range of 3″ to 3.5″). Furthermore, because the speakerhas a smaller diameter, the radiation pattern of the speaker may bebroader than the larger diameter speakers. This broader radiationpattern may be due to the smaller speaker aperture and/or the “stiffer”diaphragm being less likely to “break up” (i.e., move in higher-ordervibrational modes). These higher-order vibrational modes may createstanding waves along the surface of the diaphragm, which can act toincrease distortion and also to increase the directionality (i.e., tomake it more directional), because of the frequency-dependent nulls inthe radiation pattern that are created as one part of the diaphragmvibrates in a different manner than other parts of the same diaphragm.

FIGS. 18 a-b illustrate an embodiment of a phase plug 1707 for thespeaker 311. In some embodiments, a speaker 311 may be configured with aphase plug 1707. The phase plug 1707 may be shaped like a circular ring.The phase plug 1707 may be suspended above the diaphragm of the speaker311 at a distance sufficient to ensure that the diaphragm does notcontact the phase plug even at maximum excursion. The phase plug 1707serves to diffract sound coming out of the speaker 311. For example, thephase plug 1707 may diffract high frequencies at acute angles (i.e., atangles less than 90 degrees) relative to the central axis of the speaker311.

In various embodiments, the diffraction of the high frequencies inducedby the phase plug 1707 may make the speaker's transmission pattern lessnarrowly focused at high frequencies. The phase plug 1707 may becircular in the side cross-section of FIG. 18 b. However, the phase plug1707 may have other non-circular cross-sections. For example, The phaseplug 1707 may have a rectangular cross-section. The speaker may beconfigured with a smaller diameter, a larger excursion, and a phase plug1707 by combining the teachings of the above described embodiments.

FIGS. 19 a-b illustrate an embodiment of an overhead camera 1901 (e.g.,an HD camera) that may be used to share documents on a tabletop 1903.The overhead camera 1901 may be used with the MCVCS 300, 700, 800,and/or 991. The overhead camera 1901 may also be used as stand-aloneequipment. The camera 1901 a may capture documents 1911 a placed on thetabletop 1903 a at a local conference site and send the correspondingimages to a remote conference site for display. Tabletop 1903 b mayinclude a display 1905 for displaying the documents 1911 b captured atthe local site. The camera 1901 and/or display 1905 may be coupled to avideoconferencing system to be used during a videoconference.

FIGS. 20 a-b illustrate an embodiment of an overhead camera 1901 andprojector 2001. The camera 1901 a may capture the image of documents1911 a placed on tabletop 1903 a. A projector 2001 b may project imagesof the documents onto tabletop 1903 b. The tabletop 1903 may include asurface that can be erasably marked by the remote participants. Forexample, the remote participants may mark on the images of the documentsprojected onto the tabletop 1903 b. The markings may be captured bycamera 1901 b and sent back to the local site where the markings may beprojected onto the documents 1911 by the projector 2001 a.

FIGS. 21 a-b illustrate another embodiment of the overheadcamera/projector system. In some embodiments, the documents 2113 may beplaced on a separate table 2103 with a separate camera 2101 a. An image2111 a may be displayed on screen 2105 at the local and remote sites.Markings made on the displays at each site may be displayed for bothsites (e.g., in a different color). Instead of a display, the images maybe projected by a projector. The images may be projected onto a surfaceand markings put on the images at each site may be transmitted to theother site for display. The markings may be detected by a touchscreen orby a camera.

FIG. 22 illustrates a method of videoconferencing through the MCVCS 300,according to an embodiment. It should be noted that in variousembodiments of the methods described below, one or more of the elementsdescribed may be performed concurrently, in a different order thanshown, or may be omitted entirely. Other additional elements may also beperformed as desired.

At 2201, local video and audio may be captured. For example, camera 303may capture video of local participants and microphones 319 may captureaudio of local participants.

At 2203, the local video and audio may be processed in codec 309 fortransmission to a remote conference site.

At 2205, the codec 309 may receive remote video and audio from theremote conference site.

At 2207, the codec 309 may process the remote video and audio.

At 2209, the remote video may be displayed on display 305.

At 2211, the remote audio may be produced through speakers 311.

Embodiments of a subset or all (and portions or all) of the above may beimplemented by program instructions stored in a memory medium or carriermedium and executed by a processor. A memory medium may include any ofvarious types of memory devices or storage devices. The term “memorymedium” is intended to include an installation medium, e.g., a CompactDisc Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), floppy disks, or tape device; a computersystem memory or random access memory such as Dynamic Random AccessMemory (DRAM), Double Data Rate Random Access Memory (DDR RAM), StaticRandom Access Memory (SRAM), Extended Data Out Random Access Memory (EDORAM), Rambus Random Access Memory (RAM), etc.; or a non-volatile memorysuch as a magnetic media, e.g., a hard drive, or optical storage. Thememory medium may comprise other types of memory as well, orcombinations thereof. In addition, the memory medium may be located in afirst computer in which the programs are executed, or may be located ina second different computer that connects to the first computer over anetwork, such as the Internet. In the latter instance, the secondcomputer may provide program instructions to the first computer forexecution. The term “memory medium” may include two or more memorymediums that may reside in different locations, e.g., in differentcomputers that are connected over a network.

In some embodiments, a computer system at a respective participantlocation may include a memory medium(s) on which one or more computerprograms or software components according to one embodiment of thepresent invention may be stored. For example, the memory medium maystore one or more programs that are executable to perform the methodsdescribed herein. The memory medium may also store operating systemsoftware, as well as other software for operation of the computersystem.

Further modifications and alternative embodiments of various aspects ofthe invention may be apparent to those skilled in the art in view ofthis description. Accordingly, this description is to be construed asillustrative only and is for the purpose of teaching those skilled inthe art the general manner of carrying out the invention. It is to beunderstood that the forms of the invention shown and described hereinare to be taken as embodiments. Elements and materials may besubstituted for those illustrated and described herein, parts andprocesses may be reversed, and certain features of the invention may beutilized independently, all as would be apparent to one skilled in theart after having the benefit of this description of the invention.Changes may be made in the elements described herein without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the invention as described in the followingclaims.

1. An integrated videoconferencing system, comprising: a display; amicrophone; a speaker; a high definition (HD) camera; and wherein thedisplay, microphone, speaker, and HD camera are comprised in a unitaryhousing.
 2. The integrated videoconferencing system of claim 1, furthercomprising: a hinge; and a base; wherein the hinge couples the base tothe unitary housing.
 3. The integrated videoconferencing system of claim2, wherein the hinge is configured to fold the base into closerproximity to the unitary housing when in a folded position.
 4. Theintegrated videoconferencing system of claim 2, wherein the basecomprises a keypad.
 5. The integrated videoconferencing system of claim1, further comprising a microphone array that includes the microphone.6. The integrated videoconferencing system of claim 5, wherein themicrophone array is a horizontal microphone array.
 7. The integratedvideoconferencing system of claim 6, further comprising at least onemicrophone placed behind the horizontal microphone array to form anendfire array with at least one microphone of the horizontal microphonearray.
 8. The integrated videoconferencing system of claim 1, whereinthe display is an HD display.
 9. The integrated videoconferencing systemof claim 1, comprising at least two speakers that include the speaker,wherein the system is configured to position audio from a remotevideoconference site through the at least two speakers.
 10. Theintegrated videoconferencing system of claim 1, wherein the speaker is aported speaker.
 11. An integrated videoconferencing system, comprising:a high definition (HD) display; an array of microphones; at least twospeakers; an HD camera; and wherein the HD display, array ofmicrophones, at least two speakers, and HD camera are comprised in aunitary housing.
 12. The integrated videoconferencing system of claim11, further comprising: a hinge; and a base; wherein the hinge couplesthe base to the unitary housing.
 13. The integrated videoconferencingsystem of claim 12, wherein the hinge is configured to fold the baseinto closer proximity to the unitary housing when in a folded position.14. The integrated videoconferencing system of claim 11, wherein thesystem is configured to position audio from a remote videoconferencesite through the at least two speakers.
 15. The integratedvideoconferencing system of claim 11, wherein the array of microphonesis a horizontal microphone array.
 16. The integrated videoconferencingsystem of claim 11, further comprising at least one microphone placedbehind the horizontal microphone array to form an endfire array with atleast one microphone of the horizontal microphone array.
 17. Theintegrated videoconferencing system of claim 11, wherein the at leasttwo speakers are ported speakers.
 18. An integrated videoconferencingsystem, comprising: a high definition (HD) display; a horizontal arrayof microphones; at least one microphone positioned behind the horizontalarray of microphones to form an endfire array with at least one of themicrophones in the horizontal array; at least two speakers; an HDcamera; a hinge; and a base; wherein the hinge couples the base to theunitary housing and wherein the hinge is configured to fold the baseinto closer proximity to the unitary housing when in a folded position;wherein the H) display, array of microphones, at least two speakers, andHD camera are comprised in a unitary housing.
 19. The integratedvideoconferencing system of claim 18, further comprising a keypadcomprised on the base.
 20. The integrated videoconferencing system ofclaim 18, wherein the at least two speakers are ported speakers.